Dear Clients and Colleagues,
We hope this newsletter finds you well. In this edition, we bring you important updates on various immigration matters. Please take a moment to review the following key highlights:
IMMIGRATION ALERT: A Pending Extension or Change of Status May Not Prevent Removal After Your I-94 Expires
Nonimmigrants With Expired I-94s Should Use Caution When Traveling Domestically or Encountering Federal Immigration Authorities:
Filing a timely application to extend or change nonimmigrant status does not necessarily mean that the applicant remains in lawful nonimmigrant status after the existing I-94 expires.
That distinction can have serious consequences.
A timely, properly filed, non-frivolous Extension of Stay (EOS) or Change of Status (COS) application may generally protect the applicant from accruing unlawful presence while USCIS adjudicates the application. But once the underlying I-94 expires, the applicant generally does not continue to hold lawful nonimmigrant status solely because the EOS or COS remains pending.
In the current enforcement environment, this is more than a technical distinction.
A Pending EOS/COS Does Not Automatically Extend Status:
USCIS has explained that when an I-94 expires while a timely extension application is pending, the applicant’s lawful nonimmigrant status ends. USCIS has also stated that DHS may initiate removal proceedings while the application remains pending.
At the same time, a timely filed, non-frivolous application may place the applicant in a period of authorized stay. As a result, the applicant generally will not accrue unlawful presence for purposes of the three- and ten-year inadmissibility bars while the qualifying application is pending.
These concepts are not the same:
Lawful nonimmigrant status is different from a period of authorized stay for unlawful-presence purposes.
Thus, someone who is not accruing unlawful presence may still lack current H-4, B-2, L-2, O-3, or other lawful nonimmigrant status. USCIS has expressly recognized that a person may lack lawful immigration status while remaining in a period of authorized stay.
Why Could Removal Proceedings Begin?
Under INA §237(a)(1)(C)(i), a noncitizen admitted as a nonimmigrant may be deportable for failing to maintain the status in which the person was admitted or to which the person later changed.
DHS may therefore take the position that, after the I-94 expires, a pending I-539 or other EOS/COS request does not by itself eliminate removability based on failure to maintain status.
A pending application is a request for USCIS to extend or change status. It is not necessarily equivalent to already holding that status.
Accordingly, the statement “My extension was filed on time, so I am still in status” may be legally misleading.
A more precise description would be:
“My prior I-94 has expired, my timely filed EOS/COS remains pending, and I may be protected from accruing unlawful presence while USCIS adjudicates it. However, the pending filing does not necessarily mean that I currently hold lawful nonimmigrant status.”
Approval May Relate Back to the Prior I-94:
If USCIS approves a properly filed extension of stay, it generally grants the extension retroactively to the expiration of the prior authorized stay. Approval may therefore cure the intervening gap for immigration-status purposes.
This creates an important distinction: while the application is pending, the applicant may lack current lawful nonimmigrant status; if USCIS later approves the extension, the approval may relate back to the prior I-94’s expiration date.
If an applicant is placed in removal proceedings while an EOS remains pending, the applicant should immediately coordinate the USCIS case with removal counsel. If USCIS approves the extension before the proceedings conclude, counsel can evaluate whether to seek termination or other appropriate relief based on the changed circumstances.
A Recent H-4 Situation Illustrates the Risk:
A recently reported situation highlights the issue.
An H-4 spouse reportedly encountered federal immigration officers at Newark Airport. The spouse entered the United States in F-1 status in 2013, later held H-1B status, and eventually changed to H-4 status.
The most recent H-4 approval and I-94 reportedly expired in January 2026. An I-539 requesting an extension of H-4 status had been filed in August 2025 and remained pending.
According to the report, federal officers questioned the spouse about his immigration history, including his earlier F-1 admission.
The precise circumstances and agency actions have not been independently confirmed. The legal issue, however, is clear: a pending I-539 should not automatically be treated as equivalent to an unexpired I-94 or current lawful nonimmigrant status.
Domestic Air Travel Requires Caution:
Some people assume that domestic travel presents no immigration concern because it does not involve leaving the United States. That assumption may be unsafe when the traveler’s I-94 has expired and an EOS or COS remains pending.
Domestic travel does not itself constitute a departure or ordinarily abandon a pending EOS/COS. The concern is potential exposure to immigration enforcement.
Airports may involve encounters with federal law enforcement or immigration authorities. A person with an expired I-94 may face questions that someone with an unexpired I-94 would not.
Individuals whose underlying status has expired and whose continued stay depends on a pending EOS/COS should consult immigration counsel before taking unnecessary domestic flights, especially if their immigration history includes other complications.
Who Should Pay Attention?
This issue may affect all nonimmigrant Extension or Change of Status applicants such as H-1B, H-4, L-1, L-2, O-1 and O-3, TN, E-3, E-2, B-1/B-2 visitors, F or M students in certain circumstances, and other nonimmigrants who filed an I-539 or another extension or change-of-status request before their authorized stay expired.
The rules vary by case. Relevant factors may include:
- The person’s immigration classification;
- Whether admission was granted until a fixed date or for Duration of Status (D/S);
- Whether the application was timely and non-frivolous;
- Whether unauthorized employment or another status violation occurred; and
- Whether a separate statutory or regulatory protection applies.
Practical Steps:
Applicants with expired I-94s should understand precisely what protection their pending application provides—and what it does not provide.
Keep copies of the following documents readily available:
- The prior I-94;
- Passport;
- USCIS receipt notice;
- Pending I-539 or I-129 filing;
- Principal spouse’s current approval notice, where applicable;
- Proof of timely filing; and
- Immigration counsel’s contact information.
Most importantly, do not confuse “no unlawful presence is accruing” with “I am currently maintaining lawful nonimmigrant status.”
November 2026 Visa Bulletin: Employment-Based Final Action Dates Advance While Filing Dates Largely Hold Steady
The November 2026 Visa Bulletin brings welcome forward movement in many employment-based green card categories, while preserving the favorable Dates for Filing chart established for the new fiscal year.
Most importantly, USCIS will use the employment-based Dates for Filing chart in November 2026. This means that foreign nationals whose priority dates are earlier than the applicable Dates for Filing cutoff date may be eligible to file Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status, during November, provided they otherwise qualify for adjustment of status.
The employment-based Dates for Filing chart remains unchanged for virtually all countries and categories, with the principal exception being modest advancement in the EB-3 Other Workers category for most countries.
Meanwhile, the Final Action Dates move forward in many employment-based categories, with advancement ranging from approximately two weeks to three months.
November 2026 Employment-Based Final Action Dates:
EB-1 Priority Workers:
China advances by one month to August 1, 2023.
India remains unchanged at February 1, 2023.
All other countries remain Current.
EB-2 Advanced Degree Professionals and Individuals of Exceptional Ability:
China remains unchanged at October 1, 2021.
India remains unchanged at November 1, 2013.
All other countries advance by three months to April 1, 2025.
The three-month advancement is particularly encouraging for EB-2 applicants from countries not subject to the China and India backlogs.
EB-3 Professionals and Skilled Workers:
China advances approximately two weeks to January 22, 2022.
India advances approximately three weeks to January 22, 2014.
The Philippines remains unchanged at August 15, 2023.
All other countries advance by one month to June 15, 2024.
EB-5 Immigrant Investors:
There is no movement in the backlogged EB-5 Unreserved categories.
China remains at December 1, 2016, while India remains at December 1, 2023.
The EB-5 Unreserved category remains Current for all other countries.
Importantly, the three EB-5 reserved or set-aside categories — Rural, High Unemployment Area, and Infrastructure — remain Current for all countries, including China and India
Why the Dates for Filing Chart Matters:
USCIS’s decision to continue using the Dates for Filing chart for employment-based adjustment applications is significant.
An applicant does not necessarily need to wait until the priority date becomes current under the Final Action Dates chart to file the I-485. If the priority date is earlier than the applicable November Dates for Filing cutoff and all other adjustment requirements are satisfied, the applicant may be able to file the I-485 during November.
Filing the I-485 can provide important benefits, including the ability to apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and Advance Parole, and, in qualifying employment-based cases, may eventually provide AC21 job-portability protections after the I-485 has remained pending for at least 180 days.
Applicants should remember, however, that USCIS generally cannot approve the I-485 until the priority date is current under the applicable Final Action Dates chart and an immigrant visa number is available.
Computer Professionals: Can You Upgrade Your EB-2 or EB-3 Green Card Case to EB-1A and Keep Your Old Priority Date?
An EB-1A Strategy May Help Highly Accomplished Technology Professionals Get Their Green Cards Faster — and Could Be Critical for Children Approaching Age 21 Thousands of highly skilled computer professionals have approved EB-2 or EB-3 I-140 petitions but remain trapped in lengthy employment-based green card backlogs, particularly professionals born in India and China. For some accomplished technology professionals, there may be another strategy worth examining: filing a new EB-1A Extraordinary Ability petition while retaining the priority date from an earlier approved EB-2 or EB-3 I-140 petition. This strategy can potentially move a qualified professional into the employment-based first-preference category, where visa availability may be substantially better than EB-2 or EB-3. For families with children approaching age 21, the strategy can be even more important because obtaining visa availability sooner may help preserve a child’s ability to immigrate as a derivative beneficiary under the Child Status Protection Act (CSPA). You Do Not Necessarily Have to Abandon Your EB-2 or EB-3 Case: A common misconception is that pursuing EB-1A means giving up an existing PERM, EB-2, or EB-3 green card case. Generally, that is not necessary. A qualified professional may be able to maintain the existing employment-based immigrant petition while independently filing a Form I-140 under EB-1A. EB-1A is particularly attractive because it permits self-petitioning. Unlike the typical EB-2 or EB-3 PERM case, EB-1A does not require a permanent labor certification or necessarily require an employer to sponsor the I-140. The applicant must instead establish extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics through sustained national or international acclaim and demonstrate that the applicant intends to continue working in the area of extraordinary ability. The Critical Advantage: Keeping an Earlier Priority Date: Suppose an Indian computer professional began a PERM case many years ago and now has an approved EB-2 I-140 with a 2014 priority date. Over the years, that professional may have become a recognized expert in artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, cloud architecture, data science, machine learning, software engineering, enterprise technology, or another specialized field. If the professional now qualifies for EB-1A, a new EB-1A I-140 can potentially retain the earlier priority date from the previously approved I-140, subject to USCIS priority-date retention rules. That can be enormously valuable. Instead of receiving only the filing date of the new EB-1A petition as the operative place in the immigrant visa queue, the applicant may be able to carry forward the much older priority date from the prior approved EB-2 or EB-3 petition. Priority dates determine an employment-based immigrant’s place in line for visa availability, and visa backlogs can cause applicants from oversubscribed countries to wait years before an immigrant visa becomes available. Priority-date retention is subject to important regulatory exceptions and should be reviewed carefully in every case, particularly where a prior I-140 has been revoked or invalidated. Why Computer and IT Professionals Should Reevaluate Their Credentials: Many professionals assume that EB-1A is limited to Nobel Prize winners, famous scientists, or internationally known celebrities. That is incorrect. The real question is whether the professional can satisfy the EB-1A legal framework and demonstrate, based on the evidence as a whole, the required level of sustained acclaim and standing in the field. A senior computer professional may have developed significant credentials after the original EB-2 or EB-3 case was filed. For example, potentially valuable evidence can include major original technical contributions; patents or widely implemented innovations; published scholarly or technical articles; peer-review or judging activities; important roles for distinguished technology companies or organizations; media coverage; significant awards; high compensation compared with others in the field; invited conference presentations; professional recognition; citations to published work; leadership in important AI, cybersecurity, cloud, software, or engineering projects; and evidence demonstrating the broader significance of the professional’s work. Merely being a senior software engineer, architect, manager, or highly paid IT professional is not enough. The case must establish the applicable EB-1A criteria and, ultimately, demonstrate extraordinary ability under USCIS’s overall merits analysis. EB-1A Could Be Especially Important When Your Child Is Approaching 21: For parents with teenage children, waiting for an EB-2 or EB-3 priority date to become current creates another concern: aging out. Employment-based derivative children generally must remain eligible as “children” under U.S. immigration law. The CSPA can protect some children from aging out, but its calculation is more complicated than simply freezing a child’s age when an I-140 is filed. For employment-based derivative beneficiaries, CSPA generally calculates the child’s protected age by taking the child’s age when an immigrant visa becomes available and subtracting the amount of time the applicable immigrant petition was pending. USCIS guidance also imposes a “sought to acquire” requirement, generally requiring appropriate action toward permanent residence within one year of visa availability, subject to limited exceptions. Under USCIS’s current policy, for CSPA purposes USCIS considers a visa available based on the Final Action Dates chart, not simply because USCIS permits filing an I-485 under the Dates for Filing chart. That distinction is extremely important. How an EB-1A Case May Help an Aging-Out Child: Consider a professional with an approved EB-2 petition and an old priority date who has a child who is now 19 or 20. If the family’s EB-2 priority date remains years away from visa availability, the child could face an age-out problem despite the parent’s approved I-140. But if the parent independently qualifies for EB-1A and can retain the old priority date, the family’s priority date may become current under EB-1 much sooner. That earlier visa availability could allow the principal applicant, spouse, and qualifying derivative children to proceed with adjustment of status or immigrant visa processing sooner. This can potentially make the difference between a child immigrating with the parents and the child eventually needing an entirely separate immigration strategy. However, EB-1A does not automatically “freeze” a child’s age, and filing an EB-1A petition by itself does not guarantee CSPA protection. The child’s exact date of birth, applicable petition-pending period, priority date, visa availability, I-140 history, and the timing of the child’s actions must all be analyzed carefully. A Hypothetical Example: Assume an Indian-born computer professional has: EB-2 priority date: June 2014 Approved EB-2 I-140: Yes Current position: Senior AI/Cloud Architect Child’s age: 19½ New accomplishments: Published work, citations, judging, original technical contributions, leadership on major projects, high compensation, and industry recognition. The professional should not necessarily sit and wait for the EB-2 India priority date to reach June 2014. An immigration attorney can evaluate whether the professional’s accomplishments support EB-1A classification. If an EB-1A I-140 is approved and the earlier EB-2 priority date can properly be retained, the applicant would then look to EB-1 visa availability using that older priority date. If that makes an immigrant visa available substantially sooner, the strategy could accelerate the entire family’s path to permanent residence and may materially improve the child’s CSPA position. Do Not Wait Until the Child Is Almost 21: For professionals with children approaching 21, the best time to evaluate EB-1A is before the family reaches an age-out emergency. Building a strong extraordinary-ability petition takes careful analysis and documentation. USCIS must evaluate the quality and significance of the evidence, not simply count documents or accomplishments. Computer professionals with long-pending EB-2 or EB-3 cases should therefore periodically reassess their careers. The credentials you had when your PERM was filed eight or ten years ago may bear little resemblance to your professional record today. You may now have the accomplishments necessary to pursue an immigration category that was not realistically available earlier in your career. The Bottom Line: An approved EB-2 or EB-3 petition does not necessarily mean that a professional must remain in that category indefinitely. For highly accomplished software engineers, AI and machine-learning professionals, cybersecurity specialists, cloud architects, data scientists, researchers, engineering leaders, technology executives, and other computer professionals, an EB-1A petition may provide an alternative path. The strategy can be particularly powerful when three factors come together: an old approved EB-2 or EB-3 I-140 + a priority date that can be retained + a professional record that now qualifies for EB-1A. For families with children approaching age 21, the analysis becomes even more urgent. A successful EB-1A strategy cannot guarantee CSPA protection, but in the right case, earlier visa availability can be critical to preserving a child’s ability to immigrate with the family.Sincerely, Keshab Raj Seadie, Esq. Law Offices of Keshab Raj Seadie, P.C. Disclaimer: This newsletter is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Always consult an attorney for personalized advice.
